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2015 ; 10
(9
): e0137119
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gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Is the Schwabe Organ a Retained Larval Eye? Anatomical and Behavioural Studies of
a Novel Sense Organ in Adult Leptochiton asellus (Mollusca, Polyplacophora)
Indicate Links to Larval Photoreceptors
#MMPMID26366861
Sumner-Rooney LH
; Sigwart JD
PLoS One
2015[]; 10
(9
): e0137119
PMID26366861
show ga
The discovery of a sensory organ, the Schwabe organ, was recently reported as a
unifying feature of chitons in the order Lepidopleurida. It is a patch of
pigmented tissue located on the roof of the pallial cavity, beneath the velum on
either side of the mouth. The epithelium is densely innervated and contains two
types of potential sensory cells. As the function of the Schwabe organ remains
unknown, we have taken a cross-disciplinary approach, using anatomical,
histological and behavioural techniques to understand it. In general, the
pigmentation that characterises this sensory structure gradually fades after
death; however, one particular concentrated pigment dot persists. This dot is
positionally homologous to the larval eye in chiton trochophores, found in the
same neuroanatomical location, and furthermore the metamorphic migration of the
larval eye is ventral in species known to possess Schwabe organs. Here we report
the presence of a discrete subsurface epithelial structure in the region of the
Schwabe organ in Leptochiton asellus that histologically resembles the chiton
larval eye. Behavioural experiments demonstrate that Leptochiton asellus with
intact Schwabe organs actively avoid an upwelling light source, while Leptochiton
asellus with surgically ablated Schwabe organs and a control species lacking the
organ (members of the other extant order, Chitonida) do not (Kruskal-Wallis, H =
24.82, df = 3, p < 0.0001). We propose that the Schwabe organ represents the
adult expression of the chiton larval eye, being retained and elaborated in adult
lepidopleurans.