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2014 ; 20
(27
): 4357-78
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New approaches to target the mycolic acid biosynthesis pathway for the
development of tuberculosis therapeutics
#MMPMID24245756
North EJ
; Jackson M
; Lee RE
Curr Pharm Des
2014[]; 20
(27
): 4357-78
PMID24245756
show ga
Mycolic acids are the major lipid components of the unique mycobacterial cell
wall responsible for the protection of the tuberculosis bacilli from many outside
threats. Mycolic acids are synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported to the
outer membrane as trehalose- containing glycolipids before being esterified to
the arabinogalactan portion of the cell wall and outer membrane glycolipids. The
large size of these unique fatty acids is a result of a huge metabolic investment
that has been evolutionarily conserved, indicating the importance of these lipids
to the mycobacterial cellular survival. There are many key enzymes involved in
the mycolic acid biosynthetic pathway, including fatty acid synthesis (KasA,
KasB, MabA, InhA, HadABC), mycolic acid modifying enzymes (SAM-dependent
methyltransferases, aNAT), fatty acid activating and condensing enzymes (FadD32,
Acc, Pks13), transporters (MmpL3) and tranferases (Antigen 85A-C) all of which
are excellent potential drug targets. Not surprisingly, in recent years many new
compounds have been reported to inhibit specific portions of this pathway,
discovered through both phenotypic screening and target enzyme screening. In this
review, we analyze the new and emerging inhibitors of this pathway discovered in
the post-genomic era of tuberculosis drug discovery, several of which show great
promise as selective tuberculosis therapeutics.