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2015 ; 112
(36
): 11217-22
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English Wikipedia
The massacre mass grave of Schöneck-Kilianstädten reveals new insights into
collective violence in Early Neolithic Central Europe
#MMPMID26283359
Meyer C
; Lohr C
; Gronenborn D
; Alt KW
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2015[Sep]; 112
(36
): 11217-22
PMID26283359
show ga
Conflict and warfare are central but also disputed themes in discussions about
the European Neolithic. Although a few recent population studies provide broad
overviews, only a very limited number of currently known key sites provide
precise insights into moments of extreme and mass violence and their impact on
Neolithic societies. The massacre sites of Talheim, Germany, and Asparn/Schletz,
Austria, have long been the focal points around which hypotheses concerning a
final lethal crisis of the first Central European farmers of the Early Neolithic
Linearbandkeramik Culture (LBK) have concentrated. With the recently examined LBK
mass grave site of Schöneck-Kilianstädten, Germany, we present new conclusive and
indisputable evidence for another massacre, adding new data to the discussion of
LBK violence patterns. At least 26 individuals were violently killed by blunt
force and arrow injuries before being deposited in a commingled mass grave.
Although the absence and possible abduction of younger females has been suggested
for other sites previously, a new violence-related pattern was identified here:
the intentional and systematic breaking of lower limbs. The abundance of the
identified perimortem fractures clearly indicates torture and/or mutilation of
the victims. The new evidence presented here for unequivocal lethal violence on a
large scale is put into perspective for the Early Neolithic of Central Europe
and, in conjunction with previous results, indicates that massacres of entire
communities were not isolated occurrences but rather were frequent features of
the last phases of the LBK.