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2015 ; 112
(36
): E5013-20
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Native root-associated bacteria rescue a plant from a sudden-wilt disease that
emerged during continuous cropping
#MMPMID26305938
Santhanam R
; Luu VT
; Weinhold A
; Goldberg J
; Oh Y
; Baldwin IT
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2015[Sep]; 112
(36
): E5013-20
PMID26305938
show ga
Plants maintain microbial associations whose functions remain largely unknown.
For the past 15 y, we have planted the annual postfire tobacco Nicotiana
attenuata into an experimental field plot in the plant's native habitat, and for
the last 8 y the number of plants dying from a sudden wilt disease has increased,
leading to crop failure. Inadvertently we had recapitulated the common
agricultural dilemma of pathogen buildup associated with continuous cropping for
this native plant. Plants suffered sudden tissue collapse and black roots,
symptoms similar to a Fusarium-Alternaria disease complex, recently characterized
in a nearby native population and developed into an in vitro pathosystem for N.
attenuata. With this in vitro disease system, different protection strategies
(fungicide and inoculations with native root-associated bacterial and fungal
isolates), together with a biochar soil amendment, were tested further in the
field. A field trial with more than 900 plants in two field plots revealed that
inoculation with a mixture of native bacterial isolates significantly reduced
disease incidence and mortality in the infected field plot without influencing
growth, herbivore resistance, or 32 defense and signaling metabolites known to
mediate resistance against native herbivores. Tests in a subsequent year revealed
that a core consortium of five bacteria was essential for disease reduction. This
consortium, but not individual members of the root-associated bacteria community
which this plant normally recruits during germination from native seed banks,
provides enduring resistance against fungal diseases, demonstrating that native
plants develop opportunistic mutualisms with prokaryotes that solve
context-dependent ecological problems.