Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=26441966
&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\26441966
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Front+Immunol
2015 ; 6
(ä): 461
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Positive and Negative Regulatory Mechanisms for Fine-Tuning Cellularity and
Functions of Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells
#MMPMID26441966
Akiyama T
; Tateishi R
; Akiyama N
; Yoshinaga R
; Kobayashi TJ
Front Immunol
2015[]; 6
(ä): 461
PMID26441966
show ga
Self-tolerant T cells and regulatory T cells develop in the thymus. A wide
variety of cell-cell interactions in the thymus is required for the
differentiation, proliferation, and repertoire selection of T cells. Various
secreted and cell surface molecules expressed in thymic epithelial cells (TECs)
mediate these processes. Moreover, cytokines expressed by cells of hematopoietic
origin regulate the cellularity of TECs. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family RANK
ligand, lymphotoxin, and CD40 ligand, expressed in T cells and innate lymphoid
cells (ILCs), promote the differentiation and proliferation of medullary TECs
(mTECs) that play critical roles in the induction of immune tolerance. A recent
study suggests that interleukin-22 (IL-22) produced by ILCs promotes regeneration
of TECs after irradiation. Intriguingly, tumor growth factor-? and
osteoprotegerin limit cellularity of mTECs, thereby attenuating regulatory T cell
generation. We will review recent insights into the molecular basis for cell-cell
interactions regulating differentiation and proliferation of mTECs and also
discuss about a perspective on use of mathematical models for understanding this
complicated system.