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2012 ; 25
(5
): 91-106
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Political dimensions of the psychosocial : The 1948 International Congress on
Mental Health and the Mental Hygiene Movement
#MMPMID26379371
Toms J
Hist Human Sci
2012[Dec]; 25
(5
): 91-106
PMID26379371
show ga
The Foucauldian sociologist Nikolas Rose has influentially argued that
psychosocial technologies have offered means through which the ideals of
democracy can be made congruent with the management of social life and the
government of citizens in modern Western liberal democracies. This interpretation
is contested here through an examination of the 1948 International Congress on
Mental Health held in London and the mental hygiene movement that organised it.
It is argued that, in Britain, this movement's theory and practice represents an
uneasy and ambiguous attempt to reconcile visions of 'the modern' with 'the
traditional'. The mental hygienist emphasis on the family is central. Here it
appears as a forcing-house of the modern self-sustaining individual. Mental
hygienists cast the social organisation of 'traditional' communities as static,
with rigid authority frustrating both social progress and the full emergence of
individual personality. Yet mental hygienists were also concerned about threats
to social cohesion and secure personhood under modernity. If the social
organisation of 'traditional' communities was patterned by the archetype of the
family, with its personal relations of authority, mental hygienists compressed
these relations into the 'private' family. Situated here they became part of a
developmental process of mental adjustment through which 'mature', responsible
citizens emerged. This reformulation of the family's centrality for the social
order informed mental hygienist critiques of the growth of state power under
existing forms of democracy, as well as suspicion of popular political
participation or protest, and of movements towards greater egalitarianism.