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2015 ; 77
(7
): 712-20
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Childhood Club Participation and All-Cause Mortality in Adulthood: A 65-Year
Follow-Up Study of a Population-Representative Sample in Scotland
#MMPMID26176775
Calvin CM
; Batty GD
; Brett CE
; Deary IJ
Psychosom Med
2015[Sep]; 77
(7
): 712-20
PMID26176775
show ga
OBJECTIVES: Social participation in middle and older age is associated with lower
mortality risk across many prospective cohort studies. However, there is a
paucity of evidence on social participation in youth in relation to mortality,
which could help inform an understanding of the origin of the association and
give credence to causality. The present study investigates the relation of
early-life club membership-a proxy measure of social participation-with mortality
risk in older age in a nationally representative sample. METHODS: We linked
historical data collected on the 6-Day Sample of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947
during the period 1947 to 1963 with vital status records up to April 2014.
Analyses were based on 1059 traced participants (446 deceased). RESULTS: Club
membership at age 18 years was associated with lower mortality risk by age 78
years (hazard ratio = 0.54, 95% confidence interval = 0.44-0.68, p < .001). Club
membership remained a significant predictor in models that included early-life
health, socioeconomic status, measured intelligence, and teachers' ratings of
dependability in personality. CONCLUSIONS: In a study that circumvented the
problem of reverse causality, a proxy indicator of social participation in youth
was related to lower mortality risk. The association may be mediated by several
behavioral and neurobiological factors, which prospective aging cohort studies
could address.