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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Arterioscler+Thromb+Vasc+Biol
2007 ; 27
(2
): 430-5
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Cholesterol enrichment of human monocyte/macrophages induces surface exposure of
phosphatidylserine and the release of biologically-active tissue factor-positive
microvesicles
#MMPMID17158353
Liu ML
; Reilly MP
; Casasanto P
; McKenzie SE
; Williams KJ
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
2007[Feb]; 27
(2
): 430-5
PMID17158353
show ga
OBJECTIVE: Biologically significant amounts of two procoagulant molecules,
phosphatidylserine (PS) and tissue factor (TF), are transported by
monocyte/macrophage-derived microvesicles (MVs). Because cellular cholesterol
accumulation is an important feature of atherosclerotic vascular disease, we now
examined effects of cholesterol enrichment on MV release from human monocytes and
macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cholesterol enrichment of human THP-1
monocytes, alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tripled their
total MV generation, as quantified by flow cytometry based on particle size and
PS exposure. The subset of these MVs that were also TF-positive was likewise
increased by cellular cholesterol enrichment, and these TF-positive MVs exhibited
a striking 10-fold increase in procoagulant activity. Moreover, cholesterol
enrichment of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages also increased their
total as well as TF-positive MV release, and these TF-positive MVs exhibited a
similar 10-fold increase in procoagulant activity. To explore the mechanisms of
enhanced MV release, we found that cholesterol enrichment of monocytes caused PS
exposure on the cell surface by as early as 2 hours and genomic DNA fragmentation
in a minority of cells by 20 hours. Addition of a caspase inhibitor at the
beginning of these incubations blunted both cholesterol-induced apoptosis and MV
release. CONCLUSIONS: Cholesterol enrichment of human monocyte/macrophages
induces the generation of highly biologically active, PS-positive MVs, at least
in part through induction of apoptosis. Cholesterol-induced monocyte/macrophage
MVs, both TF-positive and TF-negative, may be novel contributors to
atherothrombosis.