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2015 ; 290
(37
): 22570-80
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C1q protein binds to the apoptotic nucleolus and causes C1 protease degradation
of nucleolar proteins
#MMPMID26231209
Cai Y
; Teo BH
; Yeo JG
; Lu J
J Biol Chem
2015[Sep]; 290
(37
): 22570-80
PMID26231209
show ga
In infection, complement C1q recognizes pathogen-congregated antibodies and
elicits complement activation. Among endogenous ligands, C1q binds to DNA and
apoptotic cells, but whether C1q binds to nuclear DNA in apoptotic cells remains
to be investigated. With UV irradiation-induced apoptosis, C1q initially bound to
peripheral cellular regions in early apoptotic cells. By 6 h, binding
concentrated in the nuclei to the nucleolus but not the chromatins. When nucleoli
were isolated from non-apoptotic cells, C1q also bound to these structures. In
vivo, C1q exists as the C1 complex (C1qC1r2C1s2), and C1q binding to ligands
activates the C1r/C1s proteases. Incubation of nucleoli with C1 caused
degradation of the nucleolar proteins nucleolin and nucleophosmin 1. This was
inhibited by the C1 inhibitor. The nucleoli are abundant with autoantigens. C1q
binding and C1r/C1s degradation of nucleolar antigens during cell apoptosis
potentially reduces autoimmunity. These findings help us to understand why
genetic C1q and C1r/C1s deficiencies cause systemic lupus erythematosus.