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2015 ; 290
(37
): 22352-69
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Apoptotic cells activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibit
epithelial cell growth without change in intracellular energy stores
#MMPMID26183782
Patel VA
; Massenburg D
; Vujicic S
; Feng L
; Tang M
; Litbarg N
; Antoni A
; Rauch J
; Lieberthal W
; Levine JS
J Biol Chem
2015[Sep]; 290
(37
): 22352-69
PMID26183782
show ga
Apoptosis plays an indispensable role in the maintenance and development of
tissues. We have shown that receptor-mediated recognition of apoptotic target
cells by viable kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) inhibits the
proliferation and survival of PTECs. Here, we examined the effect of apoptotic
targets on PTEC cell growth (cell size during G1 phase of the cell cycle). Using
a cell culture model, we show that apoptotic cells potently activate
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly sensitive sensor of intracellular
energy stores. AMPK activation leads to decreased activity of its downstream
target, ribosomal protein p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), and concomitant inhibition of
cell growth. Importantly, these events occur without detectable change in
intracellular levels of AMP, ADP, or ATP. Inhibition of AMPK, either
pharmacologically by compound C or molecularly by shRNA, diminishes the effects
of apoptotic targets and largely restores p70S6K activity and cell size to normal
levels. Apoptotic targets also inhibit Akt, a second signaling pathway regulating
cell growth. Expression of a constitutively active Akt construct partially
relieved cell growth inhibition but was less effective than inhibition of AMPK.
Inhibition of cell growth by apoptotic targets is dependent on physical
interaction between apoptotic targets and PTECs but independent of phagocytosis.
We conclude that receptor-mediated recognition of apoptotic targets mimics the
effects of intracellular energy depletion, activating AMPK and inhibiting cell
growth. By acting as sentinels of environmental change, apoptotic death may
enable nearby viable cells, especially nonmigratory epithelial cells, to monitor
and adapt to local stresses.
|AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism
[MESH]