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2015 ; 5
(ä): 28458
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Mallard or chicken? Comparing the isolation of avian influenza A viruses in
embryonated Mallard and chicken eggs
#MMPMID26356095
Järhult JD
; Wahlgren J
; Hasan B
; Salaneck E
; Lundkvist Å
Infect Ecol Epidemiol
2015[]; 5
(ä): 28458
PMID26356095
show ga
BACKGROUND: To date, the most efficient and robust method for isolating avian
influenza A viruses (IAVs) is using embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). It is known
that low-pathogenic avian IAVs undergo rapid genetic changes when introduced to
poultry holdings, but the factors driving mutagenesis are not well understood.
Despite this, there is limited data on the effects of the standard method of
virus isolation of avian-derived viruses, that is, whether isolation in ECEs
causes adaptive changes in avian IAVs. Eggs from a homologous species could
potentially offer an isolation vessel less prone to induce adaptive changes.
METHODS: We performed eight serial passages of two avian IAVs isolated from fecal
samples of wild Mallards in both ECEs and embryonated Mallard eggs, and
hemagglutination assay titers and hemagglutinin sequences were compared. RESULTS:
There was no obvious difference in titers between ECEs and embryonated Mallard
eggs. Sequence analyses of the isolates showed no apparent difference in the rate
of introduction of amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin gene (three
substitutions in total in embryonated Mallard eggs and two substitutions in
ECEs). CONCLUSION: Embryonated Mallard eggs seem to be good isolation vessels for
avian IAVs but carry some practical problems such as limited availability and
short egg-laying season of Mallards. Our study finds isolation of Mallard-derived
avian IAVs in ECEs non-inferior to isolation in embryonated Mallard eggs, but
more research in the area may be warranted as this is a small-scale study.
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