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2015 ; 10
(9
): e0137569
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The Oldest, Slowest Rainforests in the World? Massive Biomass and Slow Carbon
Dynamics of Fitzroya cupressoides Temperate Forests in Southern Chile
#MMPMID26353111
Urrutia-Jalabert R
; Malhi Y
; Lara A
PLoS One
2015[]; 10
(9
): e0137569
PMID26353111
show ga
Old-growth temperate rainforests are, per unit area, the largest and most
long-lived stores of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere, but their carbon
dynamics have rarely been described. The endangered Fitzroya cupressoides forests
of southern South America include stands that are probably the oldest dense
forest stands in the world, with long-lived trees and high standing biomass. We
assess and compare aboveground biomass, and provide the first estimates of net
primary productivity (NPP), carbon allocation and mean wood residence time in
medium-age stands in the Alerce Costero National Park (AC) in the Coastal Range
and in old-growth forests in the Alerce Andino National Park (AA) in the Andean
Cordillera. Aboveground live biomass was 113-114 Mg C ha(-1) and 448-517 Mg C
ha(-1) in AC and AA, respectively. Aboveground productivity was 3.35-3.36 Mg C
ha(-1) year(-1) in AC and 2.22-2.54 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1) in AA, values generally
lower than others reported for temperate wet forests worldwide, mainly due to the
low woody growth of Fitzroya. NPP was 4.21-4.24 and 3.78-4.10 Mg C ha(-1)
year(-1) in AC and AA, respectively. Estimated mean wood residence time was a
minimum of 539-640 years for the whole forest in the Andes and 1368-1393 years
for only Fitzroya in this site. Our biomass estimates for the Andes place these
ecosystems among the most massive forests in the world. Differences in biomass
production between sites seem mostly apparent as differences in allocation rather
than productivity. Residence time estimates for Fitzroya are the highest reported
for any species and carbon dynamics in these forests are the slowest reported for
wet forests worldwide. Although primary productivity is low in Fitzroya forests,
they probably act as ongoing biomass carbon sinks on long-term timescales due to
their low mortality rates and exceptionally long residence times that allow
biomass to be accumulated for millennia.