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2015 ; 96
(4
): 203-31
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Fell-Muir Lecture: Heparan sulphate and the art of cell regulation: a polymer
chain conducts the protein orchestra
#MMPMID26173450
Gallagher J
Int J Exp Pathol
2015[Aug]; 96
(4
): 203-31
PMID26173450
show ga
Heparan sulphate (HS) sits at the interface of the cell and the extracellular
matrix. It is a member of the glycosaminoglycan family of anionic polysaccharides
with unique structural features designed for protein interaction and regulation.
Its client proteins include soluble effectors (e.g. growth factors, morphogens,
chemokines), membrane receptors and cell adhesion proteins such as fibronectin,
fibrillin and various types of collagen. The protein-binding properties of HS,
together with its strategic positioning in the pericellular domain, are
indicative of key roles in mediating the flow of regulatory signals between cells
and their microenvironment. The control of transmembrane signalling is a
fundamental element in the complex biology of HS. It seems likely that, in some
way, HS orchestrates diverse signalling pathways to facilitate information
processing inside the cell. A dictionary definition of an orchestra is 'a large
group of musicians who play together on various instruments ?' to paraphrase, the
HS orchestra is 'a large group of proteins that play together on various
receptors'. HS conducts this orchestra to ensure that proteins hit the right
notes on their receptors but, in the manner of a true conductor, does it also set
'the musical pulse' and create rhythm and harmony attractive to the cell? This is
too big a question to answer but fun to think about as you read this review.