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2015 ; 10
(9
): e0137113
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Exploring Strong Interactions in Proteins with Quantum Chemistry and Examples of
Their Applications in Drug Design
#MMPMID26339784
Xie NZ
; Du QS
; Li JX
; Huang RB
PLoS One
2015[]; 10
(9
): e0137113
PMID26339784
show ga
OBJECTIVES: Three strong interactions between amino acid side chains (salt
bridge, cation-?, and amide bridge) are studied that are stronger than (or
comparable to) the common hydrogen bond interactions, and play important roles in
protein-protein interactions. METHODS: Quantum chemical methods MP2 and CCSD(T)
are used in calculations of interaction energies and structural optimizations.
RESULTS: The energies of three types of amino acid side chain interactions in
gaseous phase and in aqueous solutions are calculated using high level quantum
chemical methods and basis sets. Typical examples of amino acid salt bridge,
cation-?, and amide bridge interactions are analyzed, including the inhibitor
design targeting neuraminidase (NA) enzyme of influenza A virus, and the ligand
binding interactions in the HCV p7 ion channel. The inhibition mechanism of the
M2 proton channel in the influenza A virus is analyzed based on strong amino acid
interactions. CONCLUSION: (1) The salt bridge interactions between acidic amino
acids (Glu- and Asp-) and alkaline amino acids (Arg+, Lys+ and His+) are the
strongest residue-residue interactions. However, this type of interaction may be
weakened by solvation effects and broken by lower pH conditions. (2) The cation-
interactions between protonated amino acids (Arg+, Lys+ and His+) and aromatic
amino acids (Phe, Tyr, Trp and His) are 2.5 to 5-fold stronger than common
hydrogen bond interactions and are less affected by the solvation environment.
(3) The amide bridge interactions between the two amide-containing amino acids
(Asn and Gln) are three times stronger than hydrogen bond interactions, which are
less influenced by the pH of the solution. (4) Ten of the twenty natural amino
acids are involved in salt bridge, or cation-, or amide bridge interactions that
often play important roles in protein-protein, protein-peptide, protein-ligand,
and protein-DNA interactions.