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2015 ; 6
(ä): 8184
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Two-photon-like microscopy with orders-of-magnitude lower illumination intensity
via two-step fluorescence
#MMPMID26333365
Ingaramo M
; York AG
; Andrade EJ
; Rainey K
; Patterson GH
Nat Commun
2015[Sep]; 6
(ä): 8184
PMID26333365
show ga
We describe two-step fluorescence microscopy, a new approach to non-linear
imaging based on positive reversible photoswitchable fluorescent probes. The
protein Padron approximates ideal two-step fluorescent behaviour: it equilibrates
to an inactive state, converts to an active state under blue light, and blue
light also excites this active state to fluoresce. Both activation and excitation
are linear processes, but the total fluorescent signal is quadratic, proportional
to the square of the illumination dose. Here, we use Padron's quadratic
non-linearity to demonstrate the principle of two-step microscopy, similar in
principle to two-photon microscopy but with orders-of-magnitude better
cross-section. As with two-photon, quadratic non-linearity from two-step
fluorescence improves resolution and reduces unwanted out-of-focus excitation,
and is compatible with structured illumination microscopy. We also show two-step
and two-photon imaging can be combined to give quartic non-linearity, further
improving imaging in challenging samples. With further improvements, two-step
fluorophores could replace conventional fluorophores for many imaging
applications.