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2015 ; 153
(2
): 285-97
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TMEM33: a new stress-inducible endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein and
modulator of the unfolded protein response signaling
#MMPMID26268696
Sakabe I
; Hu R
; Jin L
; Clarke R
; Kasid UN
Breast Cancer Res Treat
2015[Sep]; 153
(2
): 285-97
PMID26268696
show ga
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress leads to activation of the unfolded protein
response (UPR) signaling cascade and induction of an apoptotic cell death,
autophagy, oncogenesis, metastasis, and/or resistance to cancer therapies.
Mechanisms underlying regulation of ER transmembrane proteins PERK, IRE1?, and
ATF6?/?, and how the balance of these activities determines outcome of the
activated UPR, remain largely unclear. Here, we report a novel molecule
transmembrane protein 33 (TMEM33) and its actions in UPR signaling.
Immunoblotting and northern blot hybridization assays were used to determine the
effects of ER stress on TMEM33 expression levels in various cell lines. Transient
transfections, immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation,
immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting were used to study the subcellular
localization of TMEM33, the binding partners of TMEM33, and the expression of
downstream effectors of PERK and IRE1?. Our data demonstrate that TMEM33 is a
unique ER stress-inducible and ER transmembrane molecule, and a new binding
partner of PERK. Exogenous expression of TMEM33 led to increased expression of
p-eIF2? and p-IRE1? and their known downstream effectors, ATF4-CHOP and XBP1-S,
respectively, in breast cancer cells. TMEM33 overexpression also correlated with
increased expression of apoptotic signals including cleaved caspase-7 and cleaved
PARP, and an autophagosome protein LC3II, and reduced expression of the autophagy
marker p62. TMEM33 is a novel regulator of the PERK-eIE2?-ATF4 and IRE1-XBP1 axes
of the UPR signaling. Therefore, TMEM33 may function as a determinant of the ER
stress-responsive events in cancer cells.