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2014 ; 2
(4
): 2325967114528460
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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Concussions From 9 Youth Organized Sports: Results From NEISS Hospitals Over an
11-Year Time Frame, 2002-2012
#MMPMID26535315
Buzas D
; Jacobson NA
; Morawa LG
Orthop J Sports Med
2014[Apr]; 2
(4
): 2325967114528460
PMID26535315
show ga
BACKGROUND: Youth sports programs are extremely popular throughout the United
States, with children starting formal sports participation as young as 4 years.
This places children at greater risk for concussions and other trauma. PURPOSE:
To describe the epidemiology of concussions sustained during participation in 9
organized sports prior to participation in high school athletics. METHODS: Over
an 11-year span from January 2002 to December 2012, the authors reviewed the
concussions sustained by athletes aged 4 to 13 years while playing basketball,
baseball, football, gymnastics, hockey, lacrosse, soccer, softball, and
wrestling, as evaluated in emergency departments (EDs) in the United States and
captured by the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database
of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive
epidemiology study. RESULTS: There were 4864 (national estimate [NE] = 117,845)
youth athletes evaluated in NEISS EDs as sustaining concussions from 2002 to
2012. Except for the year 2007, concussion frequencies trended upward throughout
the 11-year time frame as well as with increasing age. Loss of consciousness
(LOC) occurred in 499 cases (NE, 12,129; 10%). Football had the highest frequency
of concussions, with 2013 (NE, 51,220; 41%), followed by basketball, with 977
(NE, 22,099; 20%), and soccer, with 801 (NE, 18,916; 17%). The majority of
concussions were treated in the outpatient setting, with 4444 (91.4%) patients
being treated and released; 412 (9%) patients required admission and were found
to have increased frequencies of LOC (n = 17; 18.0%) compared with LOC in the
total group (n = 499, 10%). The total number of player-to-player injury
mechanisms mirrored the total number of concussions by year, which increased
throughout the 11-year span, except for the year 2007. Subgroup analysis of
athletes aged 4 to 7 years demonstrated a difference in the mechanism of injury
distribution, with a ball-to-head mechanism increase of 5% from 15% to 20% and a
player-to-other object mechanism of injury increase by more than double to 13%
compared with the entire cohort over the 11-year time frame. CONCLUSION: Within
the 4- to 13-year age range, there were a significant number of young athletes
who presented to EDs with concussion as a result of playing organized sports. The
4- to 7-year age group had a disproportionately higher player-to-other object
mechanism of injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Younger children are more susceptible to
long-term sequelae from head injuries, and therefore, improved systems of
monitoring for these athletes are required to monitor the patterns of injury,
identify risk factors, and develop evidence-based prevention programs.