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2014 ; 2
(5
): 2325967114533482
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Understanding the Acute Skin Injury Mechanism Caused by Player-Surface Contact
During Soccer: A Survey and Systematic Review
#MMPMID26535330
van den Eijnde WA
; Peppelman M
; Lamers EA
; van de Kerkhof PC
; van Erp PE
Orthop J Sports Med
2014[May]; 2
(5
): 2325967114533482
PMID26535330
show ga
BACKGROUND: Superficial skin injuries are considered minor, and their incidence
is probably underestimated. Insight into the incidence and mechanism of acute
skin injury can be helpful in developing suitable preventive measures and safer
playing surfaces for soccer and other field sports. PURPOSE: To gain insight into
the incidence and severity of skin injuries related to soccer and to describe the
skin injury mechanism due to player-surface contact. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic
review; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: The prevention model by van Mechelen et al
(1992) combined with the injury causation model of Bahr and Krosshaug (2005) were
used as a framework for the survey to describe the skin injury incidence and
mechanism caused by player-surface contact. RESULTS: The reviewed literature
showed that common injury reporting methods are mainly based on time lost from
participation or the need for medical attention. Because skin abrasions seldom
lead to absence or medical attention, they are often not reported. When reported,
the incidence of abrasion/laceration injuries varies from 0.8 to 6.1 injuries per
1000 player-hours. Wound assessment techniques such as the Skin Damage Area and
Severity Index can be a valuable tool to obtain a more accurate estimation of the
incidence and severity of acute skin injuries. CONCLUSION: The use of protective
equipment, a skin lubricant, or wet surface conditions has a positive effect on
preventing abrasion-type injuries from artificial turf surfaces. The literature
also shows that essential biomechanical information of the sliding event is
lacking, such as how energy is transferred to the area of contact. From a
clinical and histological perspective, there are strong indications that a
sliding-induced skin lesion is caused by mechanical rather than thermal injury to
the skin.