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2015 ; 12
(8
): 8971-9011
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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Integrated Assessment of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Ghana-Part 2:
Natural Sciences Review
#MMPMID26264012
Rajaee M
; Obiri S
; Green A
; Long R
; Cobbina SJ
; Nartey V
; Buck D
; Antwi E
; Basu N
Int J Environ Res Public Health
2015[Jul]; 12
(8
): 8971-9011
PMID26264012
show ga
This paper is one of three synthesis documents produced via an integrated
assessment (IA) that aims to increase understanding of artisanal and small-scale
gold mining (ASGM) in Ghana. Given the complexities surrounding ASGM, an
integrated assessment (IA) framework was utilized to analyze socio-economic,
health, and environmental data, and co-develop evidence-based responses with
stakeholders. This paper focuses on the causes, status, trends, and consequences
of ecological issues related to ASGM activity in Ghana. It reviews dozens of
studies and thousands of samples to document evidence of heavy metals
contamination in ecological media across Ghana. Soil and water mercury
concentrations were generally lower than guideline values, but sediment mercury
concentrations surpassed guideline values in 64% of samples. Arsenic, cadmium,
and lead exceeded guideline values in 67%, 17%, and 24% of water samples,
respectively. Other water quality parameters near ASGM sites show impairment,
with some samples exceeding guidelines for acidity, turbidity, and nitrates.
Additional ASGM-related stressors on environmental quality and ecosystem services
include deforestation, land degradation, biodiversity loss, legacy contamination,
and potential linkages to climate change. Though more research is needed to
further elucidate the long-term impacts of ASGM on the environment, the plausible
consequences of ecological damages should guide policies and actions to address
the unique challenges posed by ASGM.