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A Comparative Analyses of Granulometry, Mineral Composition and Major and Trace
Element Concentrations in Soils Commonly Ingested by Humans
#MMPMID26264010
Ngole-Jeme VM
; Ekosse GI
Int J Environ Res Public Health
2015[Jul]; 12
(8
): 8933-55
PMID26264010
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This study compared the granulometric properties, mineralogical composition and
concentrations of major and trace element oxides of commonly ingested soils
(geophagic soil) collected from different countries with a view of understanding
how varied they may be in these properties and to understand the possible health
implications of ingesting them. Soil samples were collected from three different
countries (South Africa, Swaziland and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)) and
their granulometric properties, concentrations of major and trace element oxides
as well as mineralogical composition determined. Differences were observed in the
granulometric properties of geophagic soil from the three different countries
with most of them having <20% clay content. The soils also showed varied degrees
of weathering with values of Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) and Chemical
Index of Weathering (CIW) being between 60% and 99.9% respectively. The mineral
assemblages of the soils from South Africa and Swaziland were dominated by the
primary minerals quartz and feldspar whereas soils from DRC had more of
kaolinite, a secondary mineral than primary minerals. Soils from DRC were
associated with silt, clay, Al2O3, and CIA unlike most samples from South Africa
which were associated with SiO2, sand, K2O, CaO, and MgO. The soils from
Swaziland were closely associated with silt, H2O and Fe2O3(t). These associations
reflect the mineralogy of the samples. These soils are not likely to serve as
nutrient supplements because of the low concentrations of the nutrient elements
contained. The coarse texture of the samples may also result in dental
destruction during mastication. Sieving of the soils before ingestion to remove
coarse particles is recommended to reduce the potential health threat associated
with the ingestion of coarse-textured soils.
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