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2015 ; 7
(8
): 6224-49
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gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Phylogeny of the Vitamin K 2,3-Epoxide Reductase (VKOR) Family and Evolutionary
Relationship to the Disulfide Bond Formation Protein B (DsbB) Family
#MMPMID26230708
Bevans CG
; Krettler C
; Reinhart C
; Watzka M
; Oldenburg J
Nutrients
2015[Jul]; 7
(8
): 6224-49
PMID26230708
show ga
In humans and other vertebrate animals, vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKOR)
family enzymes are the gatekeepers between nutritionally acquired K vitamins and
the vitamin K cycle responsible for posttranslational modifications that confer
biological activity upon vitamin K-dependent proteins with crucial roles in
hemostasis, bone development and homeostasis, hormonal carbohydrate regulation
and fertility. We report a phylogenetic analysis of the VKOR family that
identifies five major clades. Combined phylogenetic and site-specific
conservation analyses point to clade-specific similarities and differences in
structure and function. We discovered a single-site determinant uniquely
identifying VKOR homologs belonging to human pathogenic, obligate intracellular
prokaryotes and protists. Building on previous work by Sevier et al. (Protein
Science 14:1630), we analyzed structural data from both VKOR and prokaryotic
disulfide bond formation protein B (DsbB) families and hypothesize an ancient
evolutionary relationship between the two families where one family arose from
the other through a gene duplication/deletion event. This has resulted in
circular permutation of primary sequence threading through the four-helical
bundle protein folds of both families. This is the first report of circular
permutation relating distant a-helical membrane protein sequences and folds. In
conclusion, we suggest a chronology for the evolution of the five extant VKOR
clades.
|*Biological Evolution
[MESH]
|*Disulfides
[MESH]
|*Phylogeny
[MESH]
|Amino Acid Sequence
[MESH]
|Animals
[MESH]
|Archaea
[MESH]
|Bacteria
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Molecular Sequence Data
[MESH]
|Protein Structure, Secondary
[MESH]
|Receptors, Fc/*genetics
[MESH]
|Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
[MESH]
|Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases/chemistry/*genetics
[MESH]