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10.3390/insects3010161 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3390/insects3010161 C4553623!4553623 !26467955     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=26467955 &cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Insect Sex Determination Manipulated by Their Endosymbionts: Incidences, Mechanisms and Implications |pdf=|usr=}}{{26467955 }} gab.com Text Insect Sex Determination Manipulated by Their Endosymbionts: Incidences, Mechanisms and Implications JO: Insects http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26467955 #FOAvip The sex-determining systems of arthropods are surprisingly diverse. Some species have male or female heterogametic sex chromosomes while other species do not have sex chromosomes. Most species are diploids but some species, including wasps, ants, thrips and mites, are haplodiploids (n in males; 2n in females). Many of the sexual aberrations, such as sexual mosaics, sex-specific lethality and conversion of sexuality, can be explained by developmental defects including double fertilization of a binucleate egg, loss of a sex chromosome or perturbation of sex-determining gene expression, which occur accidentally or are induced by certain environmental conditions. However, recent studies have revealed that such sexual aberrations can be caused by various groups of vertically-transmitted endosymbiotic microbes such as bacteria of the genera Wolbachia, Rickettsia, Arsenophonus, Spiroplasma and Cardinium, as well as microsporidian protists. In this review, we first summarize the accumulated data on endosymbiont-induced sexual aberrations, and then discuss how such endosymbionts affect the developmental system of their hosts and what kinds of ecological and evolutionary effects these endosymbionts have on their host populations. Twit Text FOAVip Insect Sex Determination Manipulated by Their Endosymbionts: Incidences, Mechanisms and Implications ????Insects http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26467955 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26467955 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26467955 }}</ref> Insect Sex Determination Manipulated by Their Endosymbionts: Incidences, Mechanisms and Implications #MMPMID26467955 Kageyama D ; Narita S ; Watanabe M Insects 2012[Feb]; 3 (1 ): 161-99 PMID26467955 show ga The sex-determining systems of arthropods are surprisingly diverse. Some species have male or female heterogametic sex chromosomes while other species do not have sex chromosomes. Most species are diploids but some species, including wasps, ants, thrips and mites, are haplodiploids (n in males; 2n in females). Many of the sexual aberrations, such as sexual mosaics, sex-specific lethality and conversion of sexuality, can be explained by developmental defects including double fertilization of a binucleate egg, loss of a sex chromosome or perturbation of sex-determining gene expression, which occur accidentally or are induced by certain environmental conditions. However, recent studies have revealed that such sexual aberrations can be caused by various groups of vertically-transmitted endosymbiotic microbes such as bacteria of the genera Wolbachia, Rickettsia, Arsenophonus, Spiroplasma and Cardinium, as well as microsporidian protists. In this review, we first summarize the accumulated data on endosymbiont-induced sexual aberrations, and then discuss how such endosymbionts affect the developmental system of their hosts and what kinds of ecological and evolutionary effects these endosymbionts have on their host populations. äInsect Sex Determination Manipulated by Their Endosymbionts: Incidence(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing