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2013 ; 4
(3
): 287-319
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Virology, Epidemiology and Pathology of Glossina Hytrosavirus, and Its Control
Prospects in Laboratory Colonies of the Tsetse Fly, Glossina pallidipes (Diptera;
Glossinidae)
#MMPMID26462422
Kariithi HM
; van Oers MM
; Vlak JM
; Vreysen MJ
; Parker AG
; Abd-Alla AM
Insects
2013[Jul]; 4
(3
): 287-319
PMID26462422
show ga
The Glossina hytrosavirus (family Hytrosaviridae) is a double-stranded DNA virus
with rod-shaped, enveloped virions. Its 190 kbp genome encodes 160 putative open
reading frames. The virus replicates in the nucleus, and acquires a fragile
envelope in the cell cytoplasm. Glossina hytrosavirus was first isolated from
hypertrophied salivary glands of the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes Austen
(Diptera; Glossinidae) collected in Kenya in 1986. A certain proportion of
laboratory G. pallidipes flies infected by Glossina hytrosavirus develop
hypertrophied salivary glands and midgut epithelial cells, gonadal anomalies and
distorted sex-ratios associated with reduced insemination rates, fecundity and
lifespan. These symptoms are rare in wild tsetse populations. In East Africa, G.
pallidipes is one of the most important vectors of African trypanosomosis, a
debilitating zoonotic disease that afflicts 37 sub-Saharan African countries.
There is a large arsenal of control tactics available to manage tsetse flies and
the disease they transmit. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a robust control
tactic that has shown to be effective in eradicating tsetse populations when
integrated with other control tactics in an area-wide integrated approach. The
SIT requires production of sterile male flies in large production facilities. To
supply sufficient numbers of sterile males for the SIT component against G.
pallidipes, strategies have to be developed that enable the management of the
Glossina hytrosavirus in the colonies. This review provides a historic chronology
of the emergence and biogeography of Glossina hytrosavirus, and includes
researches on the infectomics (defined here as the functional and structural
genomics and proteomics) and pathobiology of the virus. Standard operation
procedures for viral management in tsetse mass-rearing facilities are proposed
and a future outlook is sketched.
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