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2011 ; 2
(4
): 540-54
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Adopting Bacteria in Order to Adapt to Water-How Reed Beetles Colonized the
Wetlands (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Donaciinae)
#MMPMID26467833
Kleinschmidt B
; Kölsch G
Insects
2011[Dec]; 2
(4
): 540-54
PMID26467833
show ga
The present paper reviews the biology of reed beetles (Donaciinae), presents
experimental data on the role of specific symbiotic bacteria, and describes a
molecular method for the detection of those bacteria. Reed beetles are herbivores
living on wetland plants, each species being mono- or oligo-phagous. They lay
their eggs on the host plant and the larvae live underwater in the sediment
attached to its roots. The larvae pupate there in a water-tight cocoon, which
they build using a secretion that is produced by symbiotic bacteria. The bacteria
are located in four blind sacs at the foregut of the larvae; in (female) adults
they colonize two out of the six Malpighian tubules. Tetracycline treatment of
larvae reduced their pupation rate, although the bacteria could not be fully
eliminated. When the small amount of bacterial mass attached to eggs was
experimentally removed before hatching, symbiont free larvae resulted, showing
the external transmission of the bacteria to the offspring. Specific primers were
designed to detect the bacteria, and to confirm their absence in manipulated
larvae. The pupation underwater enabled the reed beetles to permanently colonize
the wetlands and to diversify in this habitat underexploited by herbivorous
insects (adaptive radiation).