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2015 ; 10
(8
): e0135392
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English Wikipedia
Western Blotting Inaccuracies with Unverified Antibodies: Need for a Western
Blotting Minimal Reporting Standard (WBMRS)
#MMPMID26287535
Gilda JE
; Ghosh R
; Cheah JX
; West TM
; Bodine SC
; Gomes AV
PLoS One
2015[]; 10
(8
): e0135392
PMID26287535
show ga
Western blotting is a commonly used technique in biological research. A major
problem with Western blotting is not the method itself, but the use of poor
quality antibodies as well as the use of different experimental conditions that
affect the linearity and sensitivity of the Western blot. Investigation of some
conditions that are commonly used and often modified in Western blotting, as well
as some commercial antibodies, showed that published articles often fail to
report critical parameters needed to reproduce the results. These parameters
include the amount of protein loaded, the blocking solution and conditions used,
the amount of primary and secondary antibodies used, the antibody incubation
solutions, the detection method and the quantification method utilized. In the
present study, comparison of ubiquitinated proteins in rat heart and liver
samples showed different results depending on the antibody utilized. Validation
of five commercial ubiquitin antibodies using purified ubiquitinated proteins,
ubiquitin chains and free ubiquitin showed that these antibodies differ in their
ability to detect free ubiquitin or ubiquitinated proteins. Investigating
proteins modified with interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) in young and old rat
hearts using six commercially available antibodies showed that most antibodies
gave different semi-quantitative results, suggesting large variability among
antibodies. Evidence showing the importance of the Western blot buffer and the
concentration of antibody used is presented. Hence there is a critical need for
comprehensive reporting of experimental conditions to improve the accuracy and
reproducibility of Western blot analysis. A Western blotting minimal reporting
standard (WBMRS) is suggested to improve the reproducibility of Western blot
analysis.