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10.1098/rstb.2014.0214

http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1098/rstb.2014.0214
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C4528826!4528826 !26240429
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suck abstract from ncbi


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pmid26240429
      Philos+Trans+R+Soc+Lond+B+Biol+Sci 2015 ; 370 (1677 ): 20140214
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  • The impact of neuroscience on society: cognitive enhancement in neuropsychiatric disorders and in healthy people #MMPMID26240429
  • Sahakian BJ ; Bruhl AB ; Cook J ; Killikelly C ; Savulich G ; Piercy T ; Hafizi S ; Perez J ; Fernandez-Egea E ; Suckling J ; Jones PB
  • Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015[Sep]; 370 (1677 ): 20140214 PMID26240429 show ga
  • In addition to causing distress and disability to the individual, neuropsychiatric disorders are also extremely expensive to society and governments. These disorders are both common and debilitating and impact on cognition, functionality and wellbeing. Cognitive enhancing drugs, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and methylphenidate, are used to treat cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, respectively. Other cognitive enhancers include specific computerized cognitive training and devices. An example of a novel form of cognitive enhancement using the technological advancement of a game on an iPad that also acts to increase motivation is presented. Cognitive enhancing drugs, such as methylphenidate and modafinil, which were developed as treatments, are increasingly being used by healthy people. Modafinil not only affects 'cold' cognition, but also improves 'hot' cognition, such as emotion recognition and task-related motivation. The lifestyle use of 'smart drugs' raises both safety concerns as well as ethical issues, including coercion and increasing disparity in society. As a society, we need to consider which forms of cognitive enhancement (e.g. pharmacological, exercise, lifelong learning) are acceptable and for which groups (e.g. military, doctors) under what conditions (e.g. war, shift work) and by what methods we would wish to improve and flourish.
  • |Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy [MESH]
  • |Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy [MESH]
  • |Cognition/*drug effects [MESH]
  • |Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods [MESH]
  • |Female [MESH]
  • |Humans [MESH]
  • |Male [MESH]
  • |Neurocognitive Disorders/*drug therapy/therapy [MESH]
  • |Neurosciences/trends [MESH]
  • |Nootropic Agents/*therapeutic use [MESH]
  • |Parkinson Disease/drug therapy [MESH]
  • |Schizophrenia/drug therapy/therapy [MESH]


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