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10.1098/rstb.2014.0242 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1098/rstb.2014.0242 C4528419!4528419 !26194756     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\26194756 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Philos+Trans+R+Soc+Lond+B+Biol+Sci 2015 ; 370 (1676 ): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26194756 |t=2015. The mutation patterns in B-cell immunoglobulin receptors reflect the influence of selection acting at multiple time-scales |pdf=|usr=}}{{26194756 }} gab.com Text The mutation patterns in B-cell immunoglobulin receptors reflect the influence of selection acting at multiple time-scales JO: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26194756 #FOAvip During the several-week course of an immune response, B cells undergo a process of clonal expansion, somatic hypermutation of the immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and affinity-dependent selection. Over a lifetime, each B cell may participate in multiple rounds of affinity maturation as part of different immune responses. These two time-scales for selection are apparent in the structure of B-cell lineage trees, which often contain a 'trunk' consisting of mutations that are shared across all members of a clone, and several branches that form a 'canopy' consisting of mutations that are shared by a subset of clone members. The influence of affinity maturation on the B-cell population can be inferred by analysing the pattern of somatic mutations in the Ig. While global analysis of mutation patterns has shown evidence of strong selection pressures shaping the B-cell population, the effect of different time-scales of selection and diversification has not yet been studied. Analysis of B cells from blood samples of three healthy individuals identifies a range of clone sizes with lineage trees that can contain long trunks and canopies indicating the significant diversity introduced by the affinity maturation process. We here show that observed mutation patterns in the framework regions (FWRs) are determined by an almost purely purifying selection on both short and long time-scales. By contrast, complementarity determining regions (CDRs) are affected by a combination of purifying and antigen-driven positive selection on the short term, which leads to a net positive selection in the long term. In both the FWRs and CDRs, long-term selection is strongly dependent on the heavy chain variable gene family. Twit Text FOAVip The mutation patterns in B-cell immunoglobulin receptors reflect the influence of selection acting at multiple time-scales ????Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26194756 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26194756 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26194756 }}</ref> The mutation patterns in B-cell immunoglobulin receptors reflect the influence of selection acting at multiple time-scales #MMPMID26194756 Yaari G ; Benichou JI ; Vander Heiden JA ; Kleinstein SH ; Louzoun Y Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015[Sep]; 370 (1676 ): ä PMID26194756 show ga During the several-week course of an immune response, B cells undergo a process of clonal expansion, somatic hypermutation of the immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and affinity-dependent selection. Over a lifetime, each B cell may participate in multiple rounds of affinity maturation as part of different immune responses. These two time-scales for selection are apparent in the structure of B-cell lineage trees, which often contain a 'trunk' consisting of mutations that are shared across all members of a clone, and several branches that form a 'canopy' consisting of mutations that are shared by a subset of clone members. The influence of affinity maturation on the B-cell population can be inferred by analysing the pattern of somatic mutations in the Ig. While global analysis of mutation patterns has shown evidence of strong selection pressures shaping the B-cell population, the effect of different time-scales of selection and diversification has not yet been studied. Analysis of B cells from blood samples of three healthy individuals identifies a range of clone sizes with lineage trees that can contain long trunks and canopies indicating the significant diversity introduced by the affinity maturation process. We here show that observed mutation patterns in the framework regions (FWRs) are determined by an almost purely purifying selection on both short and long time-scales. By contrast, complementarity determining regions (CDRs) are affected by a combination of purifying and antigen-driven positive selection on the short term, which leads to a net positive selection in the long term. In both the FWRs and CDRs, long-term selection is strongly dependent on the heavy chain variable gene family. |*Mutation [MESH] |Antibody Affinity/genetics [MESH] |Antibody Diversity [MESH] |B-Lymphocytes/*immunology [MESH] |Cell Lineage/genetics/immunology [MESH] |Clonal Selection, Antigen-Mediated [MESH] |Complementarity Determining Regions [MESH] |Genes, Immunoglobulin [MESH] |Humans [MESH] |Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics [MESH] |Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics [MESH] |Models, Genetic [MESH] |Models, Immunological [MESH] |Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*genetics [MESH] |Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin [MESH]The mutation patterns in B-cell immunoglobulin receptors reflect the i(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing