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2015 ; 473
(9
): 2785-9
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Percutaneous Distraction Pinning for Metacarpophalangeal Joint Stabilization
After Blast or Crush Injuries of the Hand
#MMPMID25754757
Langford MA
; Cheung K
; Li Z
Clin Orthop Relat Res
2015[Sep]; 473
(9
): 2785-9
PMID25754757
show ga
BACKGROUND: Unstable, severely comminuted fractures of the metacarpophalangeal
(MCP) joint are difficult to treat. Closed treatment and casting of these
fractures often fail to maintain proper alignment and impede wound care where
concomitant open injuries such as gunshot wounds are present. Conventional
pinning or plating techniques are not feasible if extensive bone loss and
comminution are present. A distraction pinning technique represents a potential
alternative, but results with this approach, to our knowledge, have not been
reported. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate the
effectiveness (defined as osseous union and joint stability) of distraction
pinning for comminuted fractures involving MCP joints after gunshot or crush
injuries; (2) to report the short-term results in terms of pain and function in a
small group of patients who underwent MCP distraction pinning; and (3) to
evaluate complications and return to work status of these patients in the short
term. METHODS: We reviewed 10 patients with comminuted pilon-type fractures of
the base of the proximal phalanx or metacarpal head treated with wire distraction
fixation from 2005 and 2014. During that period, we used this technique to treat
all patients whose fractures were deemed too comminuted for plating or pinning,
and during that period, no other techniques (such as simple external fixation)
were used for patients meeting those indications. The minimum followup was 6
months; eight of the 10 patients were accounted at a median of 10 months (range,
6-89 months). The median age was 47 years (range, 28-57 years), and seven of the
eight were male. Kirschner wire fixation frames were removed 3.5 to 6 weeks after
the index surgery when fracture consolidation was confirmed on radiography by the
treating surgeon. Stability and range of motion of the MCP joint were assessed
using physical examination, radiographs, and goniometer by the treating surgeon.
Patients completed the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score at
latest followup or by telephone, and complications were assessed by chart review.
RESULTS: All fractures were healed with stable MCP joints. Eight patients
reported having no pain or minimal pain of their injuries to the hand. The median
finger and thumb MCP arc of motion were 80° (range, 70°-105°) and 30° (range,
0°-60°), respectively. The median Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and
Hand score was 3 (range, 0-41). One patient underwent a second surgical procedure
for bone grafting and soft tissue coverage. Three patients developed pin site
irritations and were treated with oral antibiotics. Six patients returned to
their original job. CONCLUSIONS: The distraction pinning technique provides
reliable osseous union and joint stability of comminuted pilon-type fractures of
the base of the proximal phalanx or metacarpal head, even with associated open
wounds. Future studies will need to evaluate these patients at longer term
followup and compare this approach with other available techniques, because
arthrosis, stiffness, and progressive loss of function seem likely to occur given
the severity of these injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study.