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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Curr+Opin+Gastroenterol 2014 ; 30 (6): 531-8 Nephropedia Template TP
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Central role of IL-17/Th17 immune responses and the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis #MMPMID25255234
Ray S; De Salvo C; Pizarro TT
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2014[Nov]; 30 (6): 531-8 PMID25255234show ga
Purpose of review: Intestinal fibrosis is a serious, yet common, outcome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite advances in developing novel treatment modalities to control chronic gut inflammation characteristic of IBD, no effective anti-fibrotic therapies exist to date. As such, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal fibrosis and the availability of relevant animal models are critical to move this area of investigation forward. Recent findings: Emerging concepts in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis include the central role of interleukin (IL)-17 and Th17 immune responses, although their precise contribution to chronic inflammation and IBD remains controversial. Other novel mediators of intestinal fibrosis, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like ligand 1A (TL1A) and components of the renin-angiotensin system, support the importance of IL-17. Additionally, recent studies utilizing novel mouse models highlight the significance of the gut microbiota and link components of bacterial sensing, including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), to IL-17/Th17 immune responses in the development of inflammation-associated intestinal fibrosis. Summary: Recent progress in identifying key mediators, novel animal models, and important mechanistic pathways in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis hold promise for the development of effective anti-fibrotics in an area of significant, unmet clinical need.