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10.1186/s13567-015-0217-9 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s13567-015-0217-9 C4509689!4509689!26198845     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Vet+Res 2015 ; 46 (1): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26198845|t=2015. Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems |pdf=|usr=}}{{26198845}} gab.com Text Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems JO: Vet Res http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26198845 #FOAvip In ecology, the grouping of species into functional groups has played a valuable role in simplifying ecological complexity. In epidemiology, further clarifications of epidemiological functions are needed: while host roles may be defined, they are often used loosely, partly because of a lack of clarity on the relationships between a host?s function and its epidemiological role. Here we focus on the definition of bridge hosts and their epidemiological consequences. Bridge hosts provide a link through which pathogens can be transmitted from maintenance host populations or communities to receptive populations that people want to protect (i.e., target hosts). A bridge host should (1) be competent for the pathogen or able to mechanically transmit it; and (2) come into direct contact or share habitat with both maintenance and target populations. Demonstration of bridging requires an operational framework that integrates ecological and epidemiological approaches. We illustrate this framework using the example of the transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses across wild bird/poultry interfaces in Africa and discuss a range of other examples that demonstrate the usefulness of our definition for other multi-host systems. Bridge hosts can be particularly important for understanding and managing infectious disease dynamics in multi-host systems at wildlife/domestic/human interfaces, including emerging infections.Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0217-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Twit Text FOAVip Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems ????Vet Res http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26198845 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26198845 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26198845}}</ref> Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems #MMPMID26198845 Caron A; Cappelle J; Cumming GS; de Garine-Wichatitsky M; Gaidet N Vet Res 2015[]; 46 (1): ä PMID26198845show ga In ecology, the grouping of species into functional groups has played a valuable role in simplifying ecological complexity. In epidemiology, further clarifications of epidemiological functions are needed: while host roles may be defined, they are often used loosely, partly because of a lack of clarity on the relationships between a host?s function and its epidemiological role. Here we focus on the definition of bridge hosts and their epidemiological consequences. Bridge hosts provide a link through which pathogens can be transmitted from maintenance host populations or communities to receptive populations that people want to protect (i.e., target hosts). A bridge host should (1) be competent for the pathogen or able to mechanically transmit it; and (2) come into direct contact or share habitat with both maintenance and target populations. Demonstration of bridging requires an operational framework that integrates ecological and epidemiological approaches. We illustrate this framework using the example of the transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses across wild bird/poultry interfaces in Africa and discuss a range of other examples that demonstrate the usefulness of our definition for other multi-host systems. Bridge hosts can be particularly important for understanding and managing infectious disease dynamics in multi-host systems at wildlife/domestic/human interfaces, including emerging infections.Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0217-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. äBridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing