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2015 ; 79
(3
): 321-46
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Acylation of Biomolecules in Prokaryotes: a Widespread Strategy for the Control
of Biological Function and Metabolic Stress
#MMPMID26179745
Hentchel KL
; Escalante-Semerena JC
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
2015[Sep]; 79
(3
): 321-46
PMID26179745
show ga
Acylation of biomolecules (e.g., proteins and small molecules) is a process that
occurs in cells of all domains of life and has emerged as a critical mechanism
for the control of many aspects of cellular physiology, including chromatin
maintenance, transcriptional regulation, primary metabolism, cell structure, and
likely other cellular processes. Although this review focuses on the use of
acetyl moieties to modify a protein or small molecule, it is clear that cells can
use many weak organic acids (e.g., short-, medium-, and long-chain mono- and
dicarboxylic aliphatics and aromatics) to modify a large suite of targets.
Acetylation of biomolecules has been studied for decades within the context of
histone-dependent regulation of gene expression and antibiotic resistance. It was
not until the early 2000s that the connection between metabolism, physiology, and
protein acetylation was reported. This was the first instance of a metabolic
enzyme (acetyl coenzyme A [acetyl-CoA] synthetase) whose activity was controlled
by acetylation via a regulatory system responsive to physiological cues. The
above-mentioned system was comprised of an acyltransferase and a partner
deacylase. Given the reversibility of the acylation process, this system is also
referred to as reversible lysine acylation (RLA). A wealth of information has
been obtained since the discovery of RLA in prokaryotes, and we are just
beginning to visualize the extent of the impact that this regulatory system has
on cell function.
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