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2015 ; 10
(7
): e0131613
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Insights into Sexism: Male Status and Performance Moderates Female-Directed
Hostile and Amicable Behaviour
#MMPMID26176699
Kasumovic MM
; Kuznekoff JH
PLoS One
2015[]; 10
(7
): e0131613
PMID26176699
show ga
Gender inequality and sexist behaviour is prevalent in almost all workplaces and
rampant in online environments. Although there is much research dedicated to
understanding sexist behaviour, we have almost no insight into what triggers this
behaviour and the individuals that initiate it. Although social constructionist
theory argues that sexism is a response towards women entering a male dominated
arena, this perspective doesn't explain why only a subset of males behave in this
way. We argue that a clearer understanding of sexist behaviour can be gained
through an evolutionary perspective that considers evolved differences in
intra-sexual competition. We hypothesised that female-initiated disruption of a
male hierarchy incites hostile behaviour from poor performing males who stand to
lose the most status. To test this hypothesis, we used an online first-person
shooter video game that removes signals of dominance but provides information on
gender, individual performance, and skill. We show that lower-skilled players
were more hostile towards a female-voiced teammate, especially when performing
poorly. In contrast, lower-skilled players behaved submissively towards a
male-voiced player in the identical scenario. This difference in gender-directed
behaviour became more extreme with poorer focal-player performance. We suggest
that low-status males increase female-directed hostility to minimize the loss of
status as a consequence of hierarchical reconfiguration resulting from the
entrance of a woman into the competitive arena. Higher-skilled players, in
contrast, were more positive towards a female relative to a male teammate. As
higher-skilled players have less to fear from hierarchical reorganization, we
argue that these males behave more positively in an attempt to support and garner
a female player's attention. Our results provide the clearest picture of
inter-sexual competition to date, highlighting the importance of considering an
evolutionary perspective when exploring the factors that affect male hostility
towards women.