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2014 ; 82
(4
): 709-21
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Pioglitazone and Endothelial Dysfunction: Pleiotropic Effects and Possible
Therapeutic Implications
#MMPMID26171320
Radenkovi? M
Sci Pharm
2014[Oct]; 82
(4
): 709-21
PMID26171320
show ga
The vascular endothelium has a central role in the modulation of vascular tone
with associated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-fibrinolytic, anti-adhesive,
and anticoagulant effects. This is primarily accomplished by the timely release
of endothelial autacoids. On the other hand, endothelial dysfunction (ED)
provoked by insulin resistance has been linked with reduced nitric oxide
bioavailability, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and alterations
of endothelial regeneration. Pioglitazone is classified as an
insulin-sensitizing, anti-hyperglycemic agent. The mechanism of action associated
with pioglitazone includes the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor-gamma with stable improvement in glycemic control in diabetic patients.
Today, it is known that apart from the beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis,
pioglitazone exerts several pleiotropic effects, including the improvement of ED.
Thus, the aim of this article was to summarize the current knowledge related to
signaling mechanisms of the pioglitazone-induced improvement or reversal of ED.
The relevant clinical studies and possible therapeutic implications connected to
pioglitazone-related action on the endothelium were analyzed too.