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2007 ; 17
(4
): 951-61
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Functional and anatomical cortical underconnectivity in autism: evidence from an
FMRI study of an executive function task and corpus callosum morphometry
#MMPMID16772313
Just MA
; Cherkassky VL
; Keller TA
; Kana RK
; Minshew NJ
Cereb Cortex
2007[Apr]; 17
(4
): 951-61
PMID16772313
show ga
The brain activation of a group of high-functioning autistic participants was
measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging during the performance of a
Tower of London task, in comparison with a control group matched with respect to
intelligent quotient, age, and gender. The 2 groups generally activated the same
cortical areas to similar degrees. However, there were 3 indications of
underconnectivity in the group with autism. First, the degree of synchronization
(i.e., the functional connectivity or the correlation of the time series of the
activation) between the frontal and parietal areas of activation was lower for
the autistic than the control participants. Second, relevant parts of the corpus
callosum, through which many of the bilaterally activated cortical areas
communicate, were smaller in cross-sectional area in the autistic participants.
Third, within the autism group but not within the control group, the size of the
genu of the corpus callosum was correlated with frontal-parietal functional
connectivity. These findings suggest that the neural basis of altered cognition
in autism entails a lower degree of integration of information across certain
cortical areas resulting from reduced intracortical connectivity. The results add
support to a new theory of cortical underconnectivity in autism, which posits a
deficit in integration of information at the neural and cognitive levels.