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2014 ; 12
(9
): 1303-13
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Dynamic interactions between cancer cells and the embryonic microenvironment
regulate cell invasion and reveal EphB6 as a metastasis suppressor
#MMPMID24836890
Bailey CM
; Kulesa PM
Mol Cancer Res
2014[Sep]; 12
(9
): 1303-13
PMID24836890
show ga
Metastatic dissemination drives the high mortality associated with melanoma.
However, difficulties in visualizing in vivo cell dynamics during metastatic
invasion have limited our understanding of these cell behaviors. Recent evidence
has revealed that melanoma cells exploit portions of their ancestral embryonic
neural crest emigration program to facilitate invasion. What remains to be
determined is how embryonic microenvironmental signals influence invasive
melanoma cell behavior, and whether these signals are relevant to human disease.
To address these questions, we interrogated the role of the neural crest
microenvironment in dictating the spatiotemporal pattern of melanoma cell
invasion in the chick embryo using 2-photon time-lapse microscopy. Results reveal
that both permissive and inhibitory neural crest microenvironmental signals
regulate the timing and direction of melanoma invasion to coincide with the
neural crest migration pattern. These cues include bidirectional signaling
mediated through the ephrin family of receptor tyrosine kinases. We demonstrate
that EphB6 reexpression forces metastatic melanoma cells to deviate from the
canonical migration pattern observed in the chick embryo transplant model.
Furthermore, EphB6-expressing melanoma cells display significantly reduced
metastatic potential in a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) metastasis assay. These
data on melanoma invasion in the embryonic neural crest and CAM microenvironments
identify EphB6 as a metastasis suppressor in melanoma, likely acting at the stage
of intravasation. IMPLICATIONS: This article links cellular metastasis to
behaviors observed in the ancestrally related embryonic neural crest and
demonstrates the powerful influence of the embryonic microenvironment in
regulating cell migratory behavior.