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2009 ; 13
(6
): 1149-61
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Cyclo(His-Pro) promotes cytoprotection by activating Nrf2-mediated up-regulation
of antioxidant defence
#MMPMID18373731
Minelli A
; Conte C
; Grottelli S
; Bellezza I
; Cacciatore I
; Bolaņos JP
J Cell Mol Med
2009[Jun]; 13
(6
): 1149-61
PMID18373731
show ga
Hystidyl-proline [cyclo(His-Pro)] is an endogenous cyclic dipeptide produced by
the cleavage of thyrotropin releasing hormone. Previous studies have shown that
cyclo(His-Pro) protects against oxidative stress, although the underlying
mechanism has remained elusive. Here, we addressed this issue and found that
cyclo(His-Pro) triggered nuclear accumulation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), a
transcription factor that up-regulates antioxidant-/electrophile-responsive
element (ARE-EpRE)-related genes, in PC12 cells. Cyclo(His-Pro) attenuated
reactive oxygen species production, and prevented glutathione depletion caused by
glutamate, rotenone, paraquat and beta-amyloid treatment. Moreover, real-time PCR
analyses revealed that cyclo(His-Pro) induced the expression of a number of
ARE-related genes and protected cells against hydrogen peroxide-mediated
apoptotic death. Furthermore, these effects were abolished by RNA
interference-mediated Nrf2 knockdown. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of p-38
MAPK partially prevented both cyclo(His-Pro)-mediated Nrf2 activation and
cellular protection. These results suggest that the signalling mechanism
responsible for the cytoprotective actions of cyclo(His-Pro) would involve p-38
MAPK activation leading to Nrf2-mediated up-regulation of antioxidant cellular
defence.