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2011 ; 62
(1
): 1-7
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Hemidesmosomes and focal contact proteins: functions and cross-talk in
keratinocytes, bullous diseases and wound healing
#MMPMID21376539
Tsuruta D
; Hashimoto T
; Hamill KJ
; Jones JC
J Dermatol Sci
2011[Apr]; 62
(1
): 1-7
PMID21376539
show ga
The outer most layer of the skin, the epidermis, is attached to the dermis via a
sheet of extracellular matrix proteins termed the basement membrane zone (BMZ).
In the intact skin, adhesion of the keratinocytes in the basal layer of the
epidermis to the BMZ is facilitated primarily by hemidesmosomes which associate
with the keratin cytoskeleton. Cultured keratinocytes do not assemble bona fide
hemidesmosomes although hemidesmosome protein clusters (stable anchoring
contacts) are found along the substrate-attached surface of the cells and towards
the leading edge of keratinocytes repopulating scratch wounds. Actin
cytoskeleton-associated matrix adhesion devices termed focal contacts are not
thought to play an important role in the adhesion of keratinocytes to the BMZ in
intact skin but are prominent in cultured keratinocytes where they are believed
to regulate cell migration. We review the molecular components, functions,
dynamics and cross-talk of hemidesmosomes and focal contacts in keratinocytes. In
addition, we briefly describe what is known about their role in autoimmune and
genetic blistering diseases of the skin. We also discuss recent publications
which indicate, contrary to expectation, that certain focal contact proteins
retard keratinocyte migration while hemidesmosomal proteins regulate directed
keratinocyte motility during wound healing.