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2015 ; 9
(ä): 372
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Physical exercise in overweight to obese individuals induces metabolic- and
neurotrophic-related structural brain plasticity
#MMPMID26190989
Mueller K
; Möller HE
; Horstmann A
; Busse F
; Lepsien J
; Blüher M
; Stumvoll M
; Villringer A
; Pleger B
Front Hum Neurosci
2015[]; 9
(ä): 372
PMID26190989
show ga
Previous cross-sectional studies on body-weight-related alterations in brain
structure revealed profound changes in the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM)
that resemble findings obtained from individuals with advancing age. This
suggests that obesity may lead to structural brain changes that are comparable
with brain aging. Here, we asked whether weight-loss-dependent improved metabolic
and neurotrophic functioning parallels the reversal of obesity-related
alterations in brain structure. To this end we applied magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) together with voxel-based morphometry and diffusion-tensor imaging in
overweight to obese individuals who participated in a fitness course with
intensive physical training twice a week over a period of 3 months. After the
fitness course, participants presented, with inter-individual heterogeneity, a
reduced body mass index (BMI), reduced serum leptin concentrations, elevated
high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and alterations of serum
brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations suggesting changes of
metabolic and neurotrophic function. Exercise-dependent changes in BMI and serum
concentration of BDNF, leptin, and HDL-C were related to an increase in GM
density in the left hippocampus, the insular cortex, and the left cerebellar
lobule. We also observed exercise-dependent changes of diffusivity parameters in
surrounding WM structures as well as in the corpus callosum. These findings
suggest that weight-loss due to physical exercise in overweight to obese
participants induces profound structural brain plasticity, not primarily of
sensorimotor brain regions involved in physical exercise, but of regions
previously reported to be structurally affected by an increased body weight and
functionally implemented in gustation and cognitive processing.