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2015 ; 67
(6
): 404-13
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Endoplasmic reticulum quality control and systemic amyloid disease: Impacting
protein stability from the inside out
#MMPMID26018985
Chen JJ
; Genereux JC
; Wiseman RL
IUBMB Life
2015[Jun]; 67
(6
): 404-13
PMID26018985
show ga
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for regulating proteome integrity
throughout the secretory pathway. The ER protects downstream secretory
environments such as the extracellular space by partitioning proteins between ER
protein folding, trafficking, and degradation pathways in a process called ER
quality control. In this process, ER quality control factors identify misfolded,
aggregation-prone protein conformations and direct them toward ER protein folding
or degradation, reducing their secretion to the extracellular space where they
could further misfold or aggregate into proteotoxic conformations. Despite the
general efficiency of ER quality control, many human diseases, such as the
systemic amyloidoses, involve aggregation of destabilized, aggregation-prone
proteins in the extracellular space. A common feature for all systemic amyloid
diseases is the ability for amyloidogenic proteins to evade ER quality control
and be efficiently secreted. The efficient secretion of these amyloidogenic
proteins increases their serum concentrations available for the distal
proteotoxic aggregation characteristic of these diseases. This indicates that ER
quality control, and the regulation thereof, is a critical determinant in
defining the onset and pathology of systemic amyloid diseases. Here, we discuss
the pathologic and potential therapeutic relationship between ER quality control,
protein secretion, and distal deposition of amyloidogenic proteins involved in
systemic amyloid diseases. Furthermore, we present evidence that the unfolded
protein response, the stress-responsive signaling pathway that regulates ER
quality control, is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic amyloid diseases and
represents a promising emerging therapeutic target to intervene in this class of
human disease.