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2015 ; 15
(ä): 479
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Pharmacological targeting of valosin containing protein (VCP) induces DNA damage
and selectively kills canine lymphoma cells
#MMPMID26104798
Nadeau MÈ
; Rico C
; Tsoi M
; Vivancos M
; Filimon S
; Paquet M
; Boerboom D
BMC Cancer
2015[Jun]; 15
(ä): 479
PMID26104798
show ga
BACKGROUND: Valosin containing protein (VCP) is a critical mediator of protein
homeostasis and may represent a valuable therapeutic target for several forms of
cancer. Overexpression of VCP occurs in many cancers, and often in a manner
correlating with malignancy and poor outcome. Here, we analyzed VCP expression in
canine lymphoma and assessed its potential as a therapeutic target for this
disease. METHODS: VCP expression in canine lymphomas was evaluated by
immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The canine lymphoma cell lines CLBL-1,
17-71 and CL-1 were treated with the VCP inhibitor Eeyarestatin 1 (EER-1) at
varying concentrations and times and were assessed for viability by trypan blue
exclusion, apoptosis by TUNEL and caspase activity assays, and proliferation by
propidium iodide incorporation and FACS. The mechanism of EER-1 action was
determined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses of Lys48 ubiquitin
and markers of ER stress (DDIT3), autophagy (SQSTM1, MAP1LC3A) and DNA damage
(?H2AFX). TRP53/ATM-dependent signaling pathway activity was assessed by
immunoblotting for TRP53 and phospho-TRP53 and real-time RT-PCR measurement of
Cdkn1a mRNA. RESULTS: VCP expression levels in canine B cell lymphomas were found
to increase with grade. EER-1 treatment killed canine lymphoma cells
preferentially over control peripheral blood mononuclear cells. EER-1 treatment
of CLBL-1 cells was found to both induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G1.
Unexpectedly, EER-1 did not appear to act either by inducing ER stress or
inhibiting the aggresome-autophagy pathway. Rather, a rapid and dramatic increase
in ?H2AFX expression was noted, indicating that EER-1 may act by promoting DNA
damage accumulation. Increased TRP53 phosphorylation and Cdkn1a mRNA levels
indicated an activation of the TRP53/ATM DNA damage response pathway in response
to EER-1, likely contributing to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle
arrest. CONCLUSIONS: These results correlate VCP expression with malignancy in
canine B cell lymphoma. The selective activity of EER-1 against lymphoma cells
suggests that VCP will represent a clinically useful therapeutic target for the
treatment of lymphoma. We further suggest a mechanism of EER-1 action centered on
the DNA repair response that may be of central importance for the design and
characterization of VCP inhibitory compounds for therapeutic use.