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2015 ; 22
(6
): 326-34
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The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) enhances autophagy and
neutrophil extracellular traps in pancreatic cancer
#MMPMID25908451
Boone BA
; Orlichenko L
; Schapiro NE
; Loughran P
; Gianfrate GC
; Ellis JT
; Singhi AD
; Kang R
; Tang D
; Lotze MT
; Zeh HJ
Cancer Gene Ther
2015[Jun]; 22
(6
): 326-34
PMID25908451
show ga
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed when neutrophils expel their
DNA, histones and intracellular proteins into the extracellular space or
circulation. NET formation is dependent on autophagy and is mediated by
citrullination of histones to allow for the unwinding and subsequent expulsion of
DNA. NETs have an important role in the pathogenesis of several sterile
inflammatory diseases, including malignancy, therefore we investigated the role
of NETs in the setting of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Neutrophils
isolated from two distinct animal models of PDA had an increased propensity to
form NETs following stimulation with platelet activating factor (PAF). Serum DNA,
a marker of circulating NET formation, was elevated in tumor bearing animals as
well as in patients with PDA. Citrullinated histone H3 expression, a marker of
NET formation, was observed in pancreatic tumors obtained from murine models and
patients with PDA. Inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine or genetic ablation
of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) resulted in decreased
propensity for NET formation, decreased serum DNA and decreased citrullinated
histone H3 expression in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. We conclude that
NETs are upregulated in pancreatic cancer through RAGE-dependent/autophagy
mediated pathways.