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2015 ; 16
(5
): 10281-300
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Anti-NR2A/B Antibodies and Other Major Molecular Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis
of Cognitive Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
#MMPMID25955648
Tay SH
; Mak A
Int J Mol Sci
2015[May]; 16
(5
): 10281-300
PMID25955648
show ga
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects
approximately 1-45.3 per 100,000 people worldwide. Although deaths as a result of
active and renal diseases have been substantially declining amongst SLE patients,
disease involving the central nervous system (CNS), collectively termed
neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), remains one of the
important causes of death in these patients. Cognitive dysfunction is one of the
most common manifestations of NPSLE, which comprises deficits in
information-processing speed, attention and executive function, in conjunction
with preservation of speech. Albeit a prevalent manifestation of NPSLE, the
pathogenetic mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. Recent advances
in genetic studies, molecular techniques, neuropathology, neuroimaging and
cognitive science have gleaned valuable insights into the pathophysiology of
lupus-related cognitive dysfunction. In recent years, a role for autoantibodies,
molecular and cellular mechanisms in cognitive dysfunction, has been emerging,
challenging our previous concept of the brain as an immune privileged site. This
review will focus on the potential pathogenic factors involved in NPSLE,
including anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A/B (anti-NR2A/B)
antibodies, matrix metalloproteinase-9, neutrophil extracellular traps and
pro-inflammatory mediators. Better understanding of these mechanistic processes
will enhance identification of new therapeutic modalities to halt the progression
of cognitive decline in SLE patients.