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2015 ; 30
(2
): 139-47
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Simplified method for esophagus protection during radiofrequency catheter
ablation of atrial fibrillation--prospective study of 704 cases
#MMPMID26107444
Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc
2015[Mar]; 30
(2
): 139-47
PMID26107444
show ga
INTRODUCTION: Although rare, the atrioesophageal fistula is one of the most
feared complications in radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
due to the high risk of mortality. OBJECTIVE: This is a prospective controlled
study, performed during regular radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial
fibrillation, to test whether esophageal displacement by handling the
transesophageal echocardiography transducer could be used for esophageal
protection. METHODS: Seven hundred and four patients (158 F/546M [22.4%/77.6%];
52.8 ± 14 [17-84] years old), with mean EF of 0.66 ± 0.8 and drug-refractory
atrial fibrillation were submitted to hybrid radiofrequency catheter ablation
(conventional pulmonary vein isolation plus AF-Nests and background tachycardia
ablation) with displacement of the esophagus as far as possible from the
radiofrequency target by transesophageal echocardiography transducer handling.
The esophageal luminal temperature was monitored without and with displacement in
25 patients. RESULTS: The mean esophageal displacement was 4 to 9.1cm (5.9 ± 0.8
cm). In 680 of the 704 patients (96.6%), it was enough to allow complete and safe
radiofrequency delivery (30W/40ºC/irrigated catheter or 50W/60ºC/8 mm catheter)
without esophagus overlapping. The mean esophageal luminal temperature changes
with versus without esophageal displacement were 0.11 ± 0.13ºC versus 1.1 ± 0.4ºC
respectively, P<0.01. The radiofrequency had to be halted in 68% of the patients
without esophageal displacement because of esophageal luminal temperature
increase. There was no incidence of atrioesophageal fistula suspected or
confirmed. Only two superficial bleeding caused by transesophageal
echocardiography transducer insertion were observed. CONCLUSION: Mechanical
esophageal displacement by transesophageal echocardiography transducer during
radiofrequency catheter ablation was able to prevent a rise in esophageal luminal
temperature, helping to avoid esophageal thermal lesion. In most cases, the
esophageal displacement was sufficient to allow safe radiofrequency application
without esophagus overlapping, being a convenient alternative in reducing the
risk of atrioesophageal fistula.