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2014 ; 105
(10
): 1351-9
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Guanine nucleotide-binding protein 1 is one of the key molecules contributing to
cancer cell radioresistance
#MMPMID25098609
Fukumoto M
; Amanuma T
; Kuwahara Y
; Shimura T
; Suzuki M
; Mori S
; Kumamoto H
; Saito Y
; Ohkubo Y
; Duan Z
; Sano K
; Oguchi T
; Kainuma K
; Usami S
; Kinoshita K
; Lee I
; Fukumoto M
Cancer Sci
2014[Oct]; 105
(10
): 1351-9
PMID25098609
show ga
Standard fractionated radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer consists of daily
irradiation of 2-Gy X-rays, 5 days a week for 5-8 weeks. To understand the
characteristics of radioresistant cancer cells and to develop more effective
radiotherapy, we established a series of novel, clinically relevant
radioresistant (CRR) cells that continue to proliferate with 2-Gy X-ray exposure
every 24 h for more than 30 days in vitro. We studied three human and one murine
cell line, and their CRR derivatives. Guanine nucleotide-binding protein 1 (GBP1)
gene expression was higher in all CRR cells than their corresponding parental
cells. GBP1 knockdown by siRNA cancelled radioresistance of CRR cells in vitro
and in xenotransplanted tumor tissues in nude mice. The clinical relevance of
GBP1 was immunohistochemically assessed in 45 cases of head and neck cancer
tissues. Patients with GBP1-positive cancer tended to show poorer response to
radiotherapy. We recently reported that low dose long-term fractionated radiation
concentrates cancer stem cells (CSCs). Immunofluorescence staining of GBP1 was
stronger in CRR cells than in corresponding parental cells. The frequency of
Oct4-positive CSCs was higher in CRR cells than in parental cells, however, was
not as common as GBP1-positive cells. GBP1-positive cells were radioresistant,
but radioresistant cells were not necessarily CSCs. We concluded that GBP1
overexpression is necessary for the radioresistant phenotype in CRR cells, and
that targeting GBP1-positive cancer cells is a more efficient method in
conquering cancer than targeting CSCs.