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2015 ; 13
(1
): 132-45
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Neurotoxicity by synthetic androgen steroids: oxidative stress, apoptosis, and
neuropathology: A review
#MMPMID26074748
Pomara C
; Neri M
; Bello S
; Fiore C
; Riezzo I
; Turillazzi E
Curr Neuropharmacol
2015[Jan]; 13
(1
): 132-45
PMID26074748
show ga
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic substances derived from
testosterone that are largely employed due to their trophic effect on muscle
tissue of athletes at all levels. Since a great number of organs and systems are
a target of AAS, their adverse effects are primarily on the following systems:
reproductive, hepatic, musculoskeletal, endocrine, renal, immunological,
infectious, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and hematological. Neuropsychiatric
and behavioral effects as a result of AAS abuse are well known and described in
the literature. Mounting evidence exists suggesting that in addition to
psychiatric and behavioral effects, non-medical use of AAS carries
neurodegenerative potential. Although, the nature of this association remains
largely unexplored, recent animal studies have shown the recurrence of this AAS
effect, ranging from neurotrophin unbalance to increased neuronal susceptibility
to apoptotic stimuli. Experimental and animal studies strongly suggest that
apoptotic mechanisms are at least in part involved in AAS-induced neurotoxicity.
Furthermore, a great body of evidence is emerging suggesting that increased
susceptibility to cellular oxidative stress could play a pivotal role in the
pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive impairment. As in
other drug-evoked encephalopathies, the key mechanisms involved in AAS - induced
neuropathology could represent a target for future neuroprotective strategies.
Progress in the understanding of these mechanisms will provide important insights
into the complex pathophysiology of AAS-induced neurodegeneration, and will pave
the way for forthcoming studies. Supplementary to abandoning the drug abuse that
represents the first step in reducing the possibility of irreversible brain
damage in AAS abusers, neuroprotective strategies have to be developed and
implemented in future.