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2015 ; 15
(ä): 12
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A remotely piloted aircraft system in major incident management: concept and
pilot, feasibility study
#MMPMID26054527
Abrahamsen HB
BMC Emerg Med
2015[Jun]; 15
(ä): 12
PMID26054527
show ga
BACKGROUND: Major incidents are complex, dynamic and bewildering task
environments characterised by simultaneous, rapidly changing events, uncertainty
and ill-structured problems. Efficient management, communication, decision-making
and allocation of scarce medical resources at the chaotic scene of a major
incident is challenging and often relies on sparse information and data.
Communication and information sharing is primarily voice-to-voice through phone
or radio on specified radio frequencies. Visual cues are abundant and difficult
to communicate between teams and team members that are not co-located. The aim
was to assess the concept and feasibility of using a remotely piloted aircraft
(RPA) system to support remote sensing in simulated major incident exercises.
METHODS: We carried out an experimental, pilot feasibility study. A custom-made,
remotely controlled, multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle with vertical take-off
and landing was equipped with digital colour- and thermal imaging cameras, a
laser beam, a mechanical gripper arm and an avalanche transceiver. We collected
data in five simulated exercises: 1) mass casualty traffic accident, 2) mountain
rescue, 3) avalanche with buried victims, 4) fisherman through thin ice and 5)
search for casualties in the dark. RESULTS: The unmanned aerial vehicle was
remotely controlled, with high precision, in close proximity to air space
obstacles at very low levels without compromising work on the ground. Payload
capacity and tolerance to wind and turbulence were limited. Aerial video, shot
from different altitudes, and remote aerial avalanche beacon search were streamed
wirelessly in real time to a monitor at a ground base. Electromagnetic
interference disturbed signal reception in the ground monitor. CONCLUSION: A
small remotely piloted aircraft can be used as an effective tool carrier,
although limited by its payload capacity, wind speed and flight endurance. Remote
sensing using already existing remotely piloted aircraft technology in
pre-hospital environments is feasible and can be used to support situation
assessment and information exchange at a major incident scene. Regulations are
needed to ensure the safe use of unmanned aerial vehicles in major incidents.
Ethical issues are abundant.