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2015 ; 5
(2
): 105-9
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Evaluation on Geant4 Hadronic Models for Pion Minus, Pion Plus and Neutron
Particles as Major Antiproton Annihilation Products
#MMPMID26120569
Tavakoli MB
; Mohammadi MM
; Reiazi R
; Jabbari K
J Med Signals Sens
2015[Apr]; 5
(2
): 105-9
PMID26120569
show ga
Geant4 is an open source simulation toolkit based on C++, which its advantages
progressively lead to applications in research domains especially modeling the
biological effects of ionizing radiation at the sub-cellular scale. However, it
was shown that Geant4 does not give a reasonable result in the prediction of
antiproton dose especially in Bragg peak. One of the reasons could be lack of
reliable physic model to predict the final states of annihilation products like
pions. Considering the fact that most of the antiproton deposited dose is
resulted from high-LET nuclear fragments following pion interaction in
surrounding nucleons, we reproduced depth dose curves of most probable energy
range of pions and neutron particle using Geant4. We consider this work one of
the steps to understand the origin of the error and finally verification of
Geant4 for antiproton tracking. Geant4 toolkit version 9.4.6.p01 and Fluka
version 2006.3 were used to reproduce the depth dose curves of 220 MeV pions
(both negative and positive) and 70 MeV neutrons. The geometry applied in the
simulations consist a 20 × 20 × 20 cm(3) water tank, similar to that used in CERN
for antiproton relative dose measurements. Different physic lists including
Quark-Gluon String Precompound (QGSP)_Binary Cascade (BIC)_HP, the recommended
setting for hadron therapy, were used. In the case of pions, Geant4 resulted in
at least 5% dose discrepancy between different physic lists at depth close to the
entrance point. Even up to 15% discrepancy was found in some cases like QBBC
compared to QGSP_BIC_HP. A significant difference was observed in dose profiles
of different Geant4 physic list at small depths for a beam of pions. In the case
of neutrons, large dose discrepancy was observed when LHEP or LHEP_EMV lists were
applied. The magnitude of this dose discrepancy could be even 50% greater than
the dose calculated by LHEP (or LHEP_EMV) at larger depths. We found that effect
different Geant4 physic list in reproducing depth dose profile of the beam of
pions was not negligible. Because the discrepancies were pronounced in smaller
depth and also regarding the contribution of pions in deposited dose of a beam of
antiproton, further investigation on choosing most suitable and accurate physic
list for this purpose should be done. Furthermore, this study showed careful
attention must be paid to choose the appropriate Geant4 physic list for neutron
tracking depending to the applications criteria. We failed to find any agreement
between results from Geant4 and Fluka to reproduce depth dose profile of pion
with the energy range used in this study.
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