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2015 ; 209
(5
): 739-57
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Secreted HHIP1 interacts with heparan sulfate and regulates Hedgehog ligand
localization and function
#MMPMID26056142
Holtz AM
; Griffiths SC
; Davis SJ
; Bishop B
; Siebold C
; Allen BL
J Cell Biol
2015[Jun]; 209
(5
): 739-57
PMID26056142
show ga
Vertebrate Hedgehog (HH) signaling is controlled by several ligand-binding
antagonists including Patched-1 (PTCH1), PTCH2, and HH-interacting protein 1
(HHIP1), whose collective action is essential for proper HH pathway activity.
However, the molecular mechanisms used by these inhibitors remain poorly
understood. In this paper, we investigated the mechanisms underlying HHIP1
antagonism of HH signaling. Strikingly, we found evidence that HHIP1
non-cell-autonomously inhibits HH-dependent neural progenitor patterning and
proliferation. Furthermore, this non-cell-autonomous antagonism of HH signaling
results from the secretion of HHIP1 that is modulated by cell type-specific
interactions with heparan sulfate (HS). These interactions are mediated by an
HS-binding motif in the cysteine-rich domain of HHIP1 that is required for its
localization to the neuroepithelial basement membrane (BM) to effectively
antagonize HH pathway function. Our data also suggest that endogenous, secreted
HHIP1 localization to HS-containing BMs regulates HH ligand distribution.
Overall, the secreted activity of HHIP1 represents a novel mechanism to regulate
HH ligand localization and function during embryogenesis.