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2015 ; 6
(ä): 128
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Synchronization of Biological Clock Neurons by Light and Peripheral Feedback
Systems Promotes Circadian Rhythms and Health
#MMPMID26097465
Ramkisoensing A
; Meijer JH
Front Neurol
2015[]; 6
(ä): 128
PMID26097465
show ga
In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) functions as a circadian clock that
drives 24-h rhythms in both physiology and behavior. The SCN is a multicellular
oscillator in which individual neurons function as cell-autonomous oscillators.
The production of a coherent output rhythm is dependent upon mutual
synchronization among single cells and requires both synaptic communication and
gap junctions. Changes in phase-synchronization between individual cells have
consequences on the amplitude of the SCN's electrical activity rhythm, and these
changes play a major role in the ability to adapt to seasonal changes. Both aging
and sleep deprivation negatively affect the circadian amplitude of the SCN,
whereas behavioral activity (i.e., exercise) has a positive effect on amplitude.
Given that the amplitude of the SCN's electrical activity rhythm is essential for
achieving robust rhythmicity in physiology and behavior, the mechanisms that
underlie neuronal synchronization warrant further study. A growing body of
evidence suggests that the functional integrity of the SCN contributes to health,
well-being, cognitive performance, and alertness; in contrast, deterioration of
the 24-h rhythm is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease, cancer,
depression, and sleep disorders.