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2015 ; 123
(6
): 622-8
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Background ionizing radiation and the risk of childhood cancer: a census-based
nationwide cohort study
#MMPMID25707026
Spycher BD
; Lupatsch JE
; Zwahlen M
; Röösli M
; Niggli F
; Grotzer MA
; Rischewski J
; Egger M
; Kuehni CE
Environ Health Perspect
2015[Jun]; 123
(6
): 622-8
PMID25707026
show ga
BACKGROUND: Exposure to medium or high doses of ionizing radiation is a known
risk factor for cancer in children. The extent to which low-dose radiation from
natural sources contributes to the risk of childhood cancer remains unclear.
OBJECTIVES: In a nationwide census-based cohort study, we investigated whether
the incidence of childhood cancer was associated with background radiation from
terrestrial gamma and cosmic rays. METHODS: Children < 16 years of age in the
Swiss National Censuses in 1990 and 2000 were included. The follow-up period
lasted until 2008, and incident cancer cases were identified from the Swiss
Childhood Cancer Registry. A radiation model was used to predict dose rates from
terrestrial and cosmic radiation at locations of residence. Cox regression models
were used to assess associations between cancer risk and dose rates and
cumulative dose since birth. RESULTS: Among 2,093,660 children included at
census, 1,782 incident cases of cancer were identified including 530 with
leukemia, 328 with lymphoma, and 423 with a tumor of the central nervous system
(CNS). Hazard ratios for each millisievert increase in cumulative dose of
external radiation were 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.05) for any cancer, 1.04 (95% CI:
1.00, 1.08) for leukemia, 1.01 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.05) for lymphoma, and 1.04 (95%
CI: 1.00, 1.08) for CNS tumors. Adjustment for a range of potential confounders
had little effect on the results. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that background
radiation may contribute to the risk of cancer in children, including leukemia
and CNS tumors.
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